All the most portentous cases in our country, as it happens, wind up in
Moscow's Basmanny District Court. And the defamation suit filed by the
grandson of Josef Stalin against "Novaya gazeta" is no exception.
The
basis of the case is a well-known article by Anatoly Yablokov headlined
"Beria Is Guilty." Among other things, Yablokov asserted that Stalin
personally signed execution orders for Soviet citizens and then handed
them over to his security chief, Lavrenty Beria, to be carried out. The
grandson doesn't agree with this. And so they're off to court.
Well
done, Yevgeny Dzhugashvili. He is acting properly. To some, Stalin is a
blood-soaked tyrant and executioner. To Dzhugashvili, he is a
grandfather. A dear relative for whom he feels offended. He is taking
to court a newspaper that, in his opinion, unjustly accused his
grandfather. And that's the way it should be. No matter who your father
is, you don't betray your father. No matter who your grandfather was,
defend your grandfather. Don't be a
Pavlik Morozov. I say this in all seriousness and my attitude toward Dzhugashvili's actions is, generally speaking, one of sympathy.
But there is more that is interesting in this case.
Defense
lawyer Genri Reznik has called this trial "extraordinary." And he is
right, because this case is practically a trial of Stalin himself.
Rather,
it is a trial in defense of Stalin. Of course, looking at the matter
this way is absurd because Stalin and Stalinism must be condemned. It
shouldn't be possible for a district court (even the Basmanny District
Court!) to justify Stalin in the course of hearing a civil case.
Past And PresentThe
real joke here is that there haven't been any other courts or trials.
At first, Stalin was a god. Then, at the 20th party congress, he was
exposed. Then, under Leonid Brezhnev, he was de facto rehabilitated.
His crown was taken away again during perestroika. And now he is being
rehabilitated again in the form of many tiny things such as the
restoration of the Kurskaya metro station and of large things, such as
when the country's highest leaders tell us that Stalin had no choice
but to sign a treaty with Hitler.
I agree with Reznik when he
says that for us, Stalin is not the past but the present. Stalin is
everywhere today. Neither our top leaders, nor the Supreme Court, nor
the State Duma has ever given an assessment of the actions of this
figure in any form. What is there except for the decisions of that old
20th party congress and a few declarations from the perestroika era?
Was
he an executioner or an effective manager? Could he have built an
advanced industrial society by some means other than destroying
millions of people? Could he have won the war without sacrificing
millions more?
So, inasmuch as in the 56 years since Stalin died
our country has in no way drawn its ultimate and irrevocable conclusion
about Stalin and Stalinism, we now find ourselves in the position of
having the question decided by some district court. And who can tell
how the case will end? What if the judges decide Stalin did not sign
the execution orders and that this remarkable man is not guilty? Will
"Novaya gazeta" have to publish a retraction and an apology?
Anton Orekh is a Moscow-based journalist. The views expressed in this commentary, which was originally published on "Yezhednevny zhurnal" are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect those of RFE/RL